Publications
Selected Publications
Virtual Reality for Action Observation Does Not Enhance Motor Learning of a Complex Weightlifting Task
Authors: 1. Michael A. Weise, Joshua A. Vicente, Belle P. Ponce de Leon, Makena Savola, Kimberly Hernandez, Sean P. Flanagan, and Jacob W. Hinkel-Lipsker
Journal: Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 2023
DOI: 10.1123/2022-0069
Abstract: Action observation, where a learner observes a model demonstrating a skill, has long been established in the literature as an effective means to acquire motor skills. Developments in virtual reality technology have made it possible for a 3D action observation viewing perspective, theoretically providing a viewing experience similar to observing a live performer. However, very little work has compared these two media and their effects on motor learning outcomes. In this current study, healthy novice participants to Olympic lifting (specifically the clean and jerk; n = 36) learned the exercise through observing a model demonstration in virtual reality (3D group) or on a computer screen (2D group). A third group (control) did not engage in action observation. Results indicate that following training, the 2D group more frequently used a three-step lifting pattern, and the 2D and 3D groups lifted with a significantly greater horizontal displacement compared with the control group. Also, the 2D group was more likely to use a proximal-to-distal joint coordination strategy during the second pull of the exercise. These results further the idea that only small parts of pertinent visual information are needed for action observation, and that virtual reality may provide too much information to novice learners.
Altered Spatiotemportal Gaze Dynamics During Unexpected Obstacle Negotiation in a Fatigued State
Authors: Jacob W. Hinkel-Lipsker, Nicole M. Stoehr, Pranavi L. Depur, Michael A. Weise, Vicente, Joshua A. Vicente, Stefanie A. Drew, & Sean M. Rogers.
Journal: Journal of Motor Control, 2022
DOI: 10.1123/2021-0046
Abstract: Humans use their peripheral vision during locomotion to perceive an approaching obstacle in their path, while also focusing central gaze on steps ahead of them. However, certain physiological and psychological factors may change this strategy, such as when a walker is physically fatigued. In this study, 21 healthy participants walked through a dark room while wearing eye tracking glasses before and following intense exercise. Obstacles were placed in random locations along their path and became illuminated when participants approached them. Results indicate that, when fatigued, participants had altered spatial gaze strategies, including more frequent use of central gaze to perceive obstacles and an increased gaze angular displacement. However, there were no changes in temporal gaze strategies following exercise. These findings reveal how physical fatigue alters one’s visual perception of their environment during locomotion, and may partially explain why people are at greater risk of trips and falls while fatigued.